Purchasing an excavator machine is a significant investment for any construction business. While these large machines are necessary for the most laborious tasks, owners may worry about the life span of an excavator. You want to get your money’s worth and don’t want the machine to break down prematurely or incur costly repairs. However, the life span of an excavator isn’t entirely dependent on what the manufacturer advertises. The life span of your excavator depends on how you care for and maintain it.
Without proper care, the performance and life span of your excavator will take a nose dive. Neglect regular maintenance and see what happens. Your service tech will be the best friend you never wanted to have with things like engine failure, hydraulic issues, and structural damage. All of these problems drastically cut down your machine’s life and dig deep into your wallet with costly repairs. So, how do you avoid all of this pain and heartache? It’s easy. You follow a few simple steps.
Think about it. When you are facing unexpected downtime and repairs that are killing your budget, it’s also stopping your job site, right? And let’s face it, even the best built excavators in the world are going to rack up hundreds, if not thousands of hours, just be sitting there because it wasn’t maintained properly.
In this post, we’re going to bust that down for you to understand the average life span of an excavator and give you some actionable steps to make that thing last. By doing so, you maximize your ROI, stop the bleeding on your unexpected repairs, and keep your excavator humming along and getting the job done for years to come..
1. What Is the Average Lifespan of an Excavator?
The lifespan of an excavator varies depending on several factors, such as the brand, model, maintenance practices, and the operating environment. On average, an excavator can last anywhere from 10,000 to 20,000 hours of operation, or about 10 to 15 years. Some machines can last longer with proper care, while others may show signs of wear and tear sooner, especially in demanding work environments.
Factors influencing the lifespan of an excavator include:
- Brand and Build Quality: They usually adequately last, but I’m not here to talk about those. Your Caterpillars, Komatsus, and your other Volvo brands that cost a fortune and last forever.
- Maintenance: But the basic, every-night regular maintenance on an excavator has much more to do with how long it’s going to last you, then anything that comes built into the machine.
- Usage: The duration of how long an excavator lasts also depends on how the machine’s used. For example, a machine running a power rake operating within a particular type of sand could last longer than a machine running a bucket in a rock quarry. The power rake has fewer hours on the engine and hydraulic pumps compared to the machine continuously feeding an 80-foot reach crusher.Colossians. Address all of these possibilities.
- Environment: Excavators used in extreme conditions such as mining, demolition, or excavation of hard materials may wear out more quickly compared to those used on residential or light construction sites.
2. How Can You Extend the Lifespan of an Excavator?
Absolutely. Just like a car, you can wear one out in 50,000 miles, or it can go 200,000 miles. Both are the identical machine. How you maintain it, how you use it, and the environment in which the machine runs makes all the difference. Stick with me as we dig deeper into one of my favorite topics.
2.1. Follow a Regular Maintenance Schedule
Routine maintenance is essential to keep an excavator running smoothly and to prevent major failures. A comprehensive maintenance program should include the following:
- Engine oil and filter changes: Engine oil lubricates moving parts, prevents overheating, and removes contaminants. Regular oil changes are essential for optimal performance.
- Hydraulic system maintenance: The hydraulic system is crucial for an excavator’s operations. Checking hydraulic fluid levels, replacing filters, and inspecting hoses for leaks will help prevent malfunctions.
- Track and undercarriage inspection: The tracks are one of the most wear-prone parts of an excavator. Ensure they are clean, properly tensioned, and lubricated.
- Cooling system checks: Regularly check the radiator and coolant levels to avoid overheating, which can cause long-term damage to the engine.
- Air filter replacement: Dirty air filters reduce engine efficiency, so they should be inspected and replaced regularly.
By adhering to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule, you can reduce the risk of major breakdowns and prolong the excavator’s life.
2.2. Monitor and Manage Operating Hours
Even a nice machine like they build at Caterpillar from Cat, or Komatsu, or Volvo will not last forever if you pound the piss out of it and never maintain it correctly. You don’t base the hours on the machine. You base the hours on how long the engine and hydraulics lived. The type of work you do with the machine counts, as well. One crew could be ripping with a power rake on real dirt (sand).
That beast of a machine they own probably has fewer hours on the engine and hydraulics than the other crew running the bucket day in and day out in the rock quarry. Think about how you operate your equipment. There are a lot of operational things we need to consider, besides making sure that we have the best piece of machinery to go dig with.
Tip: Use telematics systems to monitor real-time data on your excavator’s performance, including operating hours, engine health, and fuel efficiency. This data can provide valuable insights and help prevent problems before they arise.
2.3. Use the Excavator Properly and Safely
Improper use and harsh handling can significantly reduce the lifespan of an excavator. Ensure that operators are properly trained and familiar with the machine’s capabilities and limits.
- Avoid Overloading: Overloading the excavator with excess weight can strain the engine and hydraulic system, reducing the overall lifespan.
- Smooth Operation: Encourage operators to avoid sudden starts, stops, or jerky movements that can put unnecessary stress on the machine.
- Proper Excavation Practices: Ensure that the excavator is used for the correct tasks and in the right environment. Using an excavator in harsh conditions or for jobs it isn’t suited for can lead to premature wear.
2.4. Invest in Quality Parts and Components
Because that natural wear is going to happen. However, doing your best to maintain and take care of your excavator will help extend both the life of the machine and the value it offers you while you use it.
Tip: Because that natural wear is going to happen. However, doing your best to maintain and take care of your excavator will help extend both the life of the machine and the value it offers you while you use it.
2.5. Protect the Machine from Extreme Conditions
Just like the longevity of the vehicle you drive can be affected by how you drive it and the environment you drive it in, the longevity of your excavator is just the same. Therefore, a comprehensive maintenance program is vital to make sure your excavator runs correctly for as long as possible. These include:
- Dusty environments: If the machine is used in a dusty environment, make sure the air filters are changed more frequently and keep the machine’s components clean.
- Corrosive conditions: Saltwater or other corrosive elements can deteriorate parts quickly. If your excavator operates in such conditions, make sure to clean it regularly, especially after exposure to corrosive materials..
- Cold weather: In freezing temperatures, hydraulic fluids can thicken and rubber seals can crack. Use special cold- weather fluids and store the machine in a climate-controlled area if possible.
By being aware of these extreme conditions and minimizing their impact on your equipment, you can extend the life of your compact excavator.
2.6. Store the Excavator Properly
Proper storage can have a significant impact on the lifespan of an excavator.
- Indoor Storage: If possible, store the excavator indoors to protect it from the elements. Rain, snow, and ice can cause rust, corrosion, and unnecessary wear.
- Cover the Machine: If indoor storage is not an option, invest in a high-quality tarp to cover your compact excavator and protect it from the elements (rain, snow, dust, etc.).
- Periodic Start-Up: If the machine is not in regular use, start it up every so often to keep the engine and hydraulics in good shape.
2.7. Implementing Upgrades and Retrofit Options
As technology advances, retrofitting older-model excavators with new upgrades can help extend the life of the machine. Some upgrades include:
- Telematics systems: Today’s telematics can offer real-time diagnostics to help you stay on top of what’s happening under the hood and intervene before small issues become costly problems.
- Advanced filters: Upgrading to higher-quality air, fuel, and hydraulic filters is a simple way to keep contaminants out of your critical systems.
- Aftermarket attachments: Adding specific attachments like advanced buckets, rippers, or specialized hydraulic tools can increase the versatility and efficiency of the excavator, potentially reducing wear during certain tasks.
3. How Can You Extend the Lifespan of an Excavator?
To ensure that the excavator serves you for as long as possible, following these essential practices will go a long way in preserving its longevity. Regular maintenance, smart operational habits, and proper storage can help you avoid unnecessary repairs and keep the machine in top condition.
3.1. Follow a Regular Maintenance Schedule
A well-maintained excavator can significantly outlast one that is neglected. To get the most out of your equipment, adhere to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule, which typically includes checks at certain intervals based on machine hours.
Key Maintenance Tasks Include:
Engine Oil and Filter Changes: Regularly changing the engine oil and oil filter helps the engine run smoothly by ensuring proper lubrication and reducing friction. This is one of the most basic yet crucial tasks.
Hydraulic System Maintenance: Hydraulic systems are vital for excavators, and keeping them in top condition is essential for optimal performance. Regularly inspect hydraulic lines for wear, leaks, and damage. Replace filters, seals, and hoses as needed.
Track and Undercarriage Inspection: Track and undercarriage issues can significantly affect the machine’s performance. Periodically inspect the tracks, replace worn-out track pads, and check for proper tension to reduce unnecessary strain on the drivetrain.
Air Filter Replacement: A clean air filter is essential for the engine’s optimal performance. Dust and debris can clog air filters, leading to reduced engine efficiency and, over time, potential damage.
Why It Helps: A scheduled maintenance routine reduces the risk of sudden, unexpected breakdowns that could lead to costly repairs. It also keeps the excavator running smoothly, ensuring maximum operational efficiency.
3.2. Monitor and Manage Operating Hours
Excavators are built to last thousands of hours, but excessive use can lead to faster wear and tear. Tracking the operating hours of the excavator is an effective way to monitor its health and anticipate service needs.
Tips to Manage Operating Hours:
Track Machine Hours: Many modern excavators come equipped with telematics systems that allow you to track engine hours, fuel consumption, and even performance data remotely. This can help you identify when the machine is due for maintenance.
Avoid Overuse: Operating the excavator for prolonged hours without adequate breaks or using it beyond its design capacity can lead to quicker wear. Make sure to monitor usage patterns and give the machine time to rest.
Optimize Work Shifts: For machines working around the clock, break down shifts to prevent overuse and allow the machine to cool down between operations.
Why It Helps: By managing the operating hours carefully, you can avoid unnecessary strain on the machine. Preventing excessive hours ensures that the excavator will reach its full potential lifespan.
3.3. Use the Excavator Properly and Safely
How you use the excavator plays a huge role in how long it will last. Improper handling and harsh use can accelerate the deterioration of key components, especially the engine, hydraulics, and undercarriage.
Best Practices for Proper Use:
Avoid Overloading: When lifting heavy materials, be sure to respect the excavator’s lifting capacity. Overloading can strain the hydraulics and engine, leading to premature failure.
Smooth Operations: Operators should avoid sudden movements, jerky motions, or aggressive acceleration and braking, which can put unnecessary strain on the machine. Smooth, controlled movements will prevent stress on vital components.
Limit Overreaching: Constantly overextending the boom or arm can cause undue pressure on the excavator’s structural components, leading to wear and potentially dangerous situations.
Why It Helps: Proper and safe operation reduces the wear and tear on key components, ensuring that your machine doesn’t suffer from unnecessary damage that can shorten its lifespan.
3.4. Invest in Quality Parts and Components
When it comes time to replace parts, always opt for OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts. While aftermarket parts may be cheaper, they often don’t match the performance and longevity of genuine parts. Investing in quality replacements can go a long way in prolonging the excavator’s life.
Recommended Practices:
Use OEM Parts: Always choose original parts from the manufacturer for critical components such as engines, hydraulic systems, and transmissions. These parts are specifically designed to work with your machine, providing reliable performance and longevity.
Regularly Replace Wear Parts: Parts like tracks, hydraulic filters, and engine belts wear out over time and need to be replaced regularly. Waiting too long to replace these components can lead to major system failures.
Why It Helps: High-quality parts ensure that your excavator continues to perform efficiently and reduces the risk of premature wear or failure.
3.5. Protect the Machine from Extreme Conditions
Extreme weather and environmental conditions can drastically shorten the lifespan of an excavator. Whether it’s the heat of summer, freezing winter temperatures, or harsh, dusty environments, these conditions can affect the machine’s performance.
Tips to Protect Your Excavator:
In Dusty Environments: Regularly clean and replace air filters to prevent dust and dirt buildup, which can affect engine performance. Using air pre-cleaners can also help prevent larger debris from entering the engine.
In Cold Weather: For excavators used in freezing conditions, use cold-weather fluids designed to prevent the engine from freezing. Also, check hydraulic oil viscosity, as it thickens in low temperatures, making it harder for the machine to operate efficiently.
In Wet Conditions: If your excavator works in wet or muddy conditions, ensure the undercarriage is cleaned after each use to prevent rust and debris buildup. A buildup of wet dirt can also add excess weight, straining the machine.
Why It Helps: Protecting the excavator from the elements will minimize damage to sensitive parts and components, increasing its overall lifespan.
3.6. Store the Excavator Properly
When the excavator is not in use, proper storage can help prevent unnecessary wear. Storing the machine correctly can protect it from environmental damage and ensure its longevity.
Storage Tips:
Indoor Storage: If possible, store the excavator indoors or under a shelter to protect it from weather elements such as rain, snow, and extreme heat. This will help prevent rust and corrosion.
Use Covers: When storing the excavator outside, use durable covers to protect it from dust, dirt, and UV rays. A cover helps keep critical components like the hydraulic hoses and engine dry and clean.
Start Periodically: If the machine is not in regular use, make sure to start it up every couple of weeks and allow it to run for a short period to keep the engine lubricated and prevent seals from drying out.
Why It Helps: Proper storage minimizes environmental exposure, keeping the machine in good working condition and ensuring it’s ready for use when needed.
3.7. Implementing Upgrades and Retrofit Options
As your excavator ages, certain upgrades and retrofits can enhance its performance and extend its useful life. These upgrades may include telematics, hydraulic systems, and more advanced attachments.
Upgrade Options:
Telematics Systems: Installing telematics systems allows for real-time monitoring of engine health, fuel consumption, and component wear. Early detection of potential issues can prevent serious damage and costly repairs.
Hydraulic System Enhancements: Upgrading to more efficient hydraulic systems can improve performance, reduce wear, and enhance fuel efficiency. Consider retrofitting to more advanced hydraulic components if necessary.
Advanced Attachments: Using modern attachments, such as advanced buckets, rippers, or grading blades, can improve productivity while reducing unnecessary wear.
Why It Helps: Regular upgrades ensure that your excavator remains up to date with new technology, improving its performance and efficiency over time.
4. Conclusion
The average lifespan of an excavator ranges from 10,000 to 20,000 hours of operation, or about 10 to 15 years. However, this can be significantly extended through proper maintenance, safe operational practices, and regular monitoring. By investing in quality parts, storing the machine properly, and protecting it from harsh conditions, you can maximize the excavator’s potential and minimize downtime. Taking these preventative measures will not only extend the life of your excavator but also ensure it operates at peak performance, saving you time, money, and unnecessary repair costs.
